Theologian's Almanac for Week of February 13, 2022
Welcome to SALT’s “Theologian’s Almanac,” a weekly selection of important birthdays, holidays, and other upcoming milestones worth marking — specially created for a) writing sermons and prayers, b) creating content for social media channels, and c) enriching your devotional life.
For the week of Sunday, February 13:
February 13 is the day in 1633 Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome to face charges of heresy (and February 15 is his birthday!). For centuries, church doctrine held that the Earth was the unmoving center of the universe, with the sun, moon, and stars revolving around it. To support this view, the Church leaned on the writings of Aristotle and Ptolemy, along with interpretations of certain biblical passages. But Galileo had been studying Nicolaus Copernicus, the Polish astronomer who proposed that the Earth moved around the Sun. So Galileo wrote Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems; Pope Urban VIII allowed its publication on the condition that Galileo include the Church’s side of the argument.
Accordingly, Galileo organized the book as a discussion between two philosophers, each representing one of the two points of view, with a neutral layperson listening in. A fool named “Simplicius” presents Aristotle’s theory, which is then quickly refuted — and that was too much for Pope Urban. He summoned Galileo to appear before the Roman Inquisition, which eventually ordered him to recant. What Galileo said in his defense, however, is worth remembering. He insisted that scientific research and Christian faith are entirely compatible, and that in fact, study of the universe would promote the proper interpretation of Scripture. This is a perfect week to recall and affirm his wisdom — and his brilliance. Indeed, legend has it that immediately after recanting, as he rose from kneeling before his inquisitors, Galileo defiantly whispered, e pur, si muove (“even so, it does move”). Galileo remained a faithful Catholic for rest of his life.
February 13 is also the birthday of American religious historian Elaine Pagels, born in Palo Alto, California, in 1943. She’s best known today for her books exploring divisions in the early Christian Church, including ancient texts that didn’t make it into the New Testament. One of those is the Gospel of Thomas, about which Pagels writes: “The Gospel of Thomas claims to be the secret sayings of Jesus. There are 114 of them, so it says many things, but the central message is that Jesus is the one who reveals the divine light that brought the universe into being, and that you and I also reveal that light.”
February 14 is Valentine’s Day. The best worldwide estimates are that to celebrate this day, something like a billion letters of affection are sent, and 60 million pounds of chocolate are bought and sold. Here’s SALT’s “Brief Theology of Valentine’s Day.”
February 15 is the 100th anniversary of the birthday of Susan B. Anthony, born in Adams, Massachusetts, in 1820. She was a pioneer in the women’s suffrage movement — and because of that movement, women today have the right to speak in public, serve on public committees, serve on juries, own their wages, maintain guardianship of their children, and vote.
Anthony’s parents were liberal Quakers, and the Anthony farm often served as a meeting place for abolitionists; later in life, Anthony became close friends and colleagues with abolitionist Frederick Douglass. She joined forces with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who wrote speeches Anthony would crisscross the country delivering. The two of them, along with a few others, founded a women’s newspaper in New York City, “The Revolutionist.” The paper’s motto was: “Men, their rights and nothing more; Women, their rights and nothing less.”
Once asked why she never married, she replied: “I never felt I could give up my life of freedom to become a man’s housekeeper. When I was young, if a girl married poor, she became a housekeeper and a drudge. If she married wealth she became a pet and a doll. Just think, had I married at twenty, I would have been a drudge or a doll for fifty-nine years. Think of it!”
She once remarked, “I distrust those people who know so well what God wants them to do, because I notice it always coincides with their own desires.”
In August of 1920, one hundred years after Anthony’s birth and fourteen after her death, the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, prohibiting any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. The following November, more than 8 million women across the U.S. voted in elections for the first time. It took more than six decades for the remaining 12 states to ratify the amendment, with Mississippi coming in last, in 1984.
February 16 is the day in 1978 that social networking began. The Internet was in its earliest days, and two hobbyists — Chicago-based computer geeks Ward Christensen and Randy Seuss — came up with the idea of a public “bulletin board” where members could dial in and post messages, much the same way a family or community might communicate by posting slips of paper with pushpins on a corkboard. And just like that, the online social network was born.
February 16 is also the day in 600 that Pope Gregory, the story goes, recommended “God bless you” as the appropriate response to a sneeze. The plague was at its height in Europe, and the idea was that the blessing would help protect the sneezing person from sickness and death. As the plague spread, so did the custom.
February 17 is the day the International Committee of the Red Cross was founded in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1863. Four years earlier, Swiss national Henri Dunant, while traveling on a business trip in northern Italy, witnessed a bloody battle in the Italian war for independence. What struck Dunant was that the nearly 40,000 people killed or wounded were virtually left alone on the battlefield; no one was caring for them. Dunant immediately began organizing the locals to help all the victims, no matter which side of the conflict they were on. The project overwhelmed him; he eventually abandoned his business and fell into bankruptcy — but he kept at it. And in 1901, Dunant was awarded the very first Nobel Peace Prize.
February 18 is the birthday of American novelist Toni Morrison, born Chloe Wofford in Lorain, Ohio, in 1931. After a stint teaching at Howard University, she worked as an editor at Random House, raising her two sons as a single parent in New York. And then she began a project: while her boys were asleep late at night or in the early morning, she would work on a novel about a black girl, Pecola Breedlove, who desperately wanted blue eyes. After many rejections, The Bluest Eye was finally accepted for publication in 1970; Morrison was 39 years old.
Still working as an editor, she helped compile The Black Book, an anthology of archival materials documenting the African-American experience. Among those materials was a short article about Margaret Garner, a young mother who escaped enslavement in 1856 — and when the enslavers caught up with her, she killed her two-year-old daughter in order to spare her from slavery. Morrison decided to write a novel inspired by Garner’s story because there were no memorials to the millions of victims of enslavement. “There’s no small bench by the road,” she said. “And because such a place doesn’t exist… the book had to.” Beloved won the Pulitzer Prize in 1988, and Morrison received the Nobel Prize in literature in 1993.
Here’s Morrison (from her novel, Paradise) on God and love.
February 18 is also the birthday of Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis, born in Heraklion, Crete, in 1883. He’s best known for Zorba the Greek and The Last Temptation of Christ, the latter of which was banned by the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches for portraying Jesus as tempted to cast off his divinity and lead an ordinary human life (he resists the temptation in the end). Kazantzakis himself, however, insisted that “every free man who reads this book, so filled as it is with love, will more than ever before, better than ever before, love Christ.”
February 19 is the day in 1942 President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, the order that ended up authorizing the internment camps in which 120,000 people, more than half of them Japanese-American citizens, were forcibly detained. In 1981, the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians concluded that the order was a “grave injustice” resulting from “race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership.” President Reagan offered survivors an apology and $20,000 each in 1988.